What are the good and not so good things about the Pill?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the good and not so good things about the Pill? 

Combined Pill

The good things

• Does not interrupt sex.
• 99% effective if taken properly.
• Protects against cancer of the ovary and womb.
• Bleeding may be lighter and period pain or Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)/Pre-Menstrual Tension (PMT) is less likely.

• The main problem with the oral contraceptive pill is it does not stop you catching sexually transmitted infections (STIs) but used with condoms it is a very safe method. 
• In a small number of women it can cause serious side effects such as blood clots.
• It increases the risk of a heart attack, in women who smoke.
• It increases the risk of a small number of women getting cancer of the breast,  but this risk seems to go away 10 years after stopping the pill.
• It increases the risk of developing cancer of the cervix but using condoms also helps with this.
• Not effective if taken more than 12 hours late, if you vomit less than 3 hours after taking it, or if you have very severe diarrhoea.
• Not effective when used with some prescription and complementary medicines (always check with your doctor).

• Does not interrupt sex.
• Can be taken by some women who cannot use the combined pill.
• This pill is 99% effective if it is taken properly.
• Can be used when breastfeeding.

• Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Periods may be irregular. 
• May not be effective if taken more than 3 hours late, if you vomit less than 3 hours after taking it, or if you have very severe diarrhoea. 
• Not effective when used with some prescription and complementary medicines (always check with your doctor).

How many women in the UK use the IUD?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How many women in the UK use the IUD?

• Overall 67800 women in the UK use IUD's.
• This includes 2200 in the 16-19 age group and 7900 in the 20-24 age group.
• IUD's are most popular with women over 35.
• These figures come from NHS family planning clinics in 2002-03.

Where can I get free condoms?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I get free condoms?

• You can get male condoms free from a family planning clinic, many sexual health clinics and some GPs.
• Female condoms are rarely free but sometimes are available from some family planning clinics.
• You can buy male and female condoms from a pharmacy or through mail order as well as from vending machines, supermarkets, garages and other shops.

How reliable are male condoms in preventing pregnancy?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How reliable are male condoms in preventing pregnancy?

They are very good at this - as long as you use them properly. But how effective any contraceptive is depends on how well you follow the instructions, how often you have sex and how old you are, as the younger you are in general, the more fertile you are.

• The male condom is 98% effective if it is used according to instructions.
• This means that 2 women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.
• If it is not used according to instructions, more women will become pregnant.

• the penis touches the area around the vagina before a condom is put on.
• the condom splits.
• the male condom slips off. 
• the condom gets damaged, for example by sharp finger nails or jewellery.
• you use oil-based products with latex condoms. 

Are thinner condoms less reliable?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Are thinner condoms less reliable?

Thinner condoms may split more easily which may make them less effective but otherwise there is no other reason for them to be less effective.

January 2004

Why do some guys refuse to wear condoms?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Why do some guys refuse to wear condoms?

Guys give a number of reasons for not liking condoms.  The main one is that they think condoms reduce sensitivity.  However, with the range of different condoms available now, this isn't really true. Condom ideas can be found here: http://www.condomania.net.   

Other guys' say that putting on a condom spoils the moment, or that they lose their erection.  The reason they lose their erection isn't because of the condom, it's because they break from sex to put one on. If the phone rang during sex and they got up to answer it, they'd lose their erection, and in the same way stopping to put on a condom can be a similar distraction.  

The trick is to include putting on the condom as part of sex, and to practice masturbating with a condom on so guys learn it's possible to keep an erection with a condom on. Finally there are good reasons to use condoms. Ones that are flavoured, textured or coloured can make sex fun and more pleasurable. 

Certain coloured condoms can make penises look bigger or wider, and many can help delay ejaculation meaning you can last much longer.

The main issue here isn't about why guys won't wear condoms, but about your sense of self worth.  If he doesn't value and respect you enough to put on a condom to keep you safe, then is he really worth having sex with?

January 2004

Which STIs do condoms protect against?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Which STIs do condoms protect against?

Using a condom (male or female) correctly and every time you have sex will prevent you catching most STIs (sexually transmitted infections). Although condoms will prevent you from contracting viruses during intercourse it is possible to contract hepatitis viruses from other forms of sex, eg. oral sex.

Also some types of fore play without a condom can put you at risk of catching a sexually transmitted infection and the herpes virus can be caught from the herpes sores which may not be covered by the condom can be passed from skin to skin during sex.  

January 2004

How do contraceptive implants work and what are the side effects?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How do contraceptive implants work and what are the side effects?

 

How does an implant work?

• An implant is a small flexible tube(s), which is placed just under your skin. It releases a progestogen hormone over a number of years.
• It thickens the mucus from your cervix. This makes it difficult for sperm to move through it and reach an egg.
• It makes the lining of your womb thinner so it is less likely to accept a fertilised egg.
• It may also stop your ovaries releasing an egg each month (ovulation).
• There are two different types of implant, Implanon and Norplant®. Other varieties are being researched. Implanon is a very small, flexible tube, about the size of a hairgrip. It is placed just under the skin of your inner upper arm. It steadily releases a progestogen hormone into your bloodstream. It works for three years. Norplant® is made up of six tubes and works for five years. It is no longer available in the UK, but as it works for five years some women will still have it in place.

• You don't have to think about contraception for as long as you have the implant.
• It does not interfere with sex.
• You can breastfeed if you have an implant.
• It is useful if you cannot take oestrogen's, like those in the combined pill.
• Your normal level of fertility will return as soon as the implant is taken out.
• It offers some protection against pelvic inflammatory disease.

• Your periods will probably change. In the first year of using an implant, most women have irregular bleeding. This is usual. Most women have regular periods after the first year, but some women will still have irregular bleeding. Some women have heavy and prolonged bleeding. A few women will not bleed at all. These changes may be a nuisance but they are not harmful. 
• Other possible side effects include headaches, acne, putting on weight, tender breasts and bloating.
• Very rarely, having the implant put in can cause an infection in the arm.
• It can sometimes be difficult to remove the implant.
• Some women may develop small fluid-filled cysts on their ovaries. The cysts are not dangerous and do not usually need to be treated. Often there are no symptoms, but some women may have pelvic pain. These cysts usually disappear without treatment. 
• Although research has not shown that implants cause depression and mood changes, some women do experience these symptoms.
• An implant does not protect you against sexually transmitted infections, so you may need to use condoms as well.

How do contraceptive injections work and what are the side effects?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How do contraceptive injections work and what are the side effects?

  How do injections work? 

• Injections use a progestogen hormone.
• This is injected into a muscle and is released very slowly into your body. They stop your ovaries releasing an egg each month (ovulation).
• They thicken the mucus from your cervix. This makes it difficult for sperm to move through it and reach an egg.
• They make the lining of your womb thinner so it is less likely to accept a fertilised egg.
• There are two types of contraceptive injection: Depo-Provera is the most commonly used contraceptive injection. It protects you against pregnancy for 12 weeks. The other injection, Noristerat, gives contraceptive protection for 8 weeks. It is only licensed to be used twice but many doctors will give it more times if it suits you better then Depo Provera.

• Progestogen-only injections are good at stopping you getting pregnant  It is over 99% effective. This means that less than 1 woman in 100 will get pregnant in a year. If 100 sexually active women don't use any contraception, 80 to 90 will become pregnant in a year.
•  One advantage these contraceptives have over other hormonal methods of contraception (such as the pill) is that you do not have to remember to take them every day. 
• Once you have an injection, you should be protected from pregnancy for 8- 12 weeks depending on the type of hormone in the injection.

• Contraceptive injections do not protect you against sexually transmitted infections, so you may have to use condoms as well.
• Your periods will probably change. At first, bleeding can be irregular and may last for longer than usual. Or your periods may stop altogether. A few women have frequent light bleeding. This may be a nuisance but is not harmful. 
• Irregular bleeding may continue for some months after you stop the injections. See your doctor if you are worried. 
• Some women put on weight when they use Depo-Provera. 
• Other possible side effects include headaches, acne, tender breasts, mood swings and bloating. 
• The injection works for 12 or 8 weeks, depending on which type you have. It cannot be removed from your body, so if you have any side effects, they may continue during this time and for some time afterwards. 
• Your periods, and fertility, can return immediately. However they may take a few months to return after stopping Depo-Provera injections. Sometimes it can take more than a year for your periods and fertility to get back to normal. 
• Studies are looking at whether using Depo-Provera for a long time affects oestrogen levels, as this may increase osteoporosis. (This is bone loss, which some women suffer from after the menopause.) Research is conflicting.

What are female condoms?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are female condoms?

The female is condom lines the vagina. It has two rings to keep it in place. Staff at a family planning or young persons clinic can show you how to fit and use the female condom properly.

The female condom:

• Fits inside the vagina.
• Protects against sexually transmitted infections (including HIV) and pregnancy.
• Is made from thin polyurethane and lubricated with a spermicide free lubricant.
• Can be put in any time before sex.
• Isn't known to cause allergic reactions.
• It is preferred by some women as they feel it gives them more control.
• Is preferred by some men because it feels good and they don't like the male condom.
• It is 95% effective if it is used according to instructions. This means that 5 women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.
• If it is not used according to instructions, more women will become pregnant. 

• the penis touches the area around the vagina before a condom is put on.
• the condom splits.
• the female condom gets pushed too far into the vagina.
• the man's penis enters the vagina outside the female condom by mistake.

Can contraceptive implants and injections be used in the long term?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Can contraceptive implants and injections be used in the long term?

Implants

• An implant is designed to be used for three years and is not a short-term method of contraception. If you are not sure you want contraceptive protection for this long, other methods of contraception may be more suitable for you.
• You will have a check-up three months after the implant is put in. You will then have a check-up every year after this. If you have any problems between regular check-ups you should contact your doctor or nurse.

• Progestogen-only injections are very effective, long-term hormonal methods of contraception.
• Once you have an injection, you should be protected from pregnancy for as long as they are in place (8-12 weeks according to the type used).

When should I start having a smear test?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

When should I start having a smear test?

You should start having a smear test after you become sexually active, and continue to have tests from then onwards (every two years or as often as your GP or nurse recommends).  Even if you're not currently sexually active then you should still have regular smear tests if you've had a sexual relationship in the past.

January 2004

Why is the IUD sometimes called the coil?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Why is the IUD sometimes called the coil?

• An IUD used to be called a 'coil' because it's shape reminded people of a coil. 
• An IUD is a small plastic and copper device that is fitted into your womb. It has one or two soft threads on the end. 
• These thin threads come through the opening at the neck of your womb (cervix) into the top of your vagina. 
• IUDs should only be fitted by a trained doctor or nurse. An IUD can stay in for three to ten years, depending on type. 

Why is there a risk of infection with IUD?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Why is there a risk of infection with IUD?

• When an IUD is fitted there is a small chance of you getting an infection in your womb within the first 21 days after it is put in. 
• If you have been at risk of getting a sexually transmitted infection you should have screening tests done at the time the IUD is fitted and you may also be given some antibiotics. 
• This will help to reduce the chance of pelvic infection occurring. 
• An IUD might go through (perforate) your womb or cervix when it is fitted. It may cause pain but often there are no symptoms. 
• If this happens, the IUD may need to be removed by surgery. 
• Perforation is uncommon when the IUD is fitted by an experienced doctor or nurse.

What is the success rate of the IUD (coil)?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is the success rate of the IUD (coil)?

Out of every 100 sexually active women who don't use any contraception, 80 to 90 will become pregnant in a year. Out of every 100 women who use an IUD, up to two women may become pregnant in a year. With newer types of IUD less than one woman in 100 will become pregnant in a year.

January 2004

What size is the IUD?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What size is the IUD?

IUD's are about one and a half inches (4cm) long. If you consider that your womb is a bit smaller than the size of your fist. Try holding a matchstick in your closed fist and this will help to give some idea of the size of a coil lying within the womb.

January 2004

What is the difference between an IUD and an IUS?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is the difference between an IUD and an IUS?

The IUD and the IUS are both types of coils that are fitted into the womb (uterus). They both have one or two soft threads on the end which come through the opening at the neck of your womb (cervix) into the top of your vagina. 

They both need to be fitted by a trained doctor or nurse.

Intrauterine device (IUD)

• An IUD is a small plastic and copper device.
• The main way an IUD works is to stop sperm reaching an egg. 
• It may also make the egg move more slowly along the fallopian tube or stop the egg from settling in the womb. 
• An IUD can stay in for three to ten years, depending on type. An IUD used to be called a 'coil'.
• It can be used for emergency contraception.
• It tends to cause a woman's periods to be heavier.

• An IUS is a small T-shaped plastic device which contains the hormone progestogen. 
• The IUS slowly releases the progestogen hormone.
•  It tends to cause a woman's periods to be lighter or stop altogether.
• For the first few months after it is inserted the IUS often causes bleeding between periods.
• An IUS works for up to five years. 

Can the IUD be used as emergency contraception?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Can the IUD be used as emergency contraception?

• The IUD is actually the most effective method of emergency contraception. It will prevent more than 9 out of 10 (98%) pregnancies expected to occur if no emergency contraception had been used. 
• It can also provide ongoing contraception if you want to use this method.
• A doctor or a nurse fits a copper intrauterine device (IUD) in your womb up to five days after you had unprotected sex.
• The IUD is designed to work by stopping an egg being fertilised or implanting in your womb.

In what circumstances should I use Emergency Contraception?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

In what circumstances should I use Emergency Contraception?

If you have sex without using contraception, or if your contraception might have failed (unprotected sex), you may need to use emergency contraception. 

There are two forms of emergency contraception:

• The emergency contraceptive pill should be started within three days (72 hours) of having unprotected sex and the sooner you get it the more likely it is to work. 
• If you have left it too late for the emergency contraceptive pill then you can still have an IUD, also known as a Coil, fitted up to five days after unprotected sex, to prevent pregnancy occurring.

Where can I get Emergency Contraception for free?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I get Emergency Contraception for free?

You can get emergency contraception free from:

• Any GP who provides contraceptive services.
• Any family planning clinic.
• Any young person's clinic or Brook clinic. 
• Most sexual health clinics. 
• Most genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics.
• Most NHS walk-in centres (in England only).
• Some hospital accident and emergency departments (phone first).
• Some pharmacies. 

• Most pharmacies if you are 16 years old or over.
• Some privately run clinics, such as British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) and Marie Stopes. 

Where can I get Emergency Contraception at the weekend?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I get Emergency Contraception at the weekend?

• You can contact the emergency services but during day time and not the middle of the night.
• If you are over 16 you can buy the emergency contraceptive pill from most pharmacies. 
• You have a 3-day window in which to start emergency contraception. It is effective if it is started within three days (72 hours) of having unprotected sex and so you should be able to get to a pharmacy or indeed wait until your GP or clinic is open after a weekend.

What are the side effects of Emergency Contraception?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the side effects of Emergency Contraception?

There appear to be no serious short or long-term effects from using emergency contraceptive pills. Some women will feel sick and have headaches, dizziness, tiredness, breast tenderness and abdominal pain but this is much less likely with the new type of emergency contraceptive pills. 

A very small number of women will vomit. If the emergency contraception fails, and the pregnancy continues there is an increased risk of the pregnancy being ectopic (developing in the tube).

January 2004

What is a safe number of times to use Emergency Contraception in a year?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is a safe number of times to use Emergency Contraception in a year?

• Although there is no limit to the number of times you can take emergency contraception (the morning after pill) it should only be used in an emergency.
• It is only suitable as a backup to your regular method of contraception.
• It should NOT be used for contraception, as it does not prevent pregnancy as well as long-term methods such as the combined contraceptive pill.
• Repeated use of emergency contraceptive pills within the same menstrual cycle can cause increased disruption to your menstrual cycle.
• If you are having difficulty with your regular method of contraception you should discuss this with your doctor, nurse, family planning clinic or pharmacist who can tell you about other methods which may be more suitable.

What are the success rates for Emergency Contraception?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the success rates for Emergency Contraception?

Emergency contraceptive pills are very effective. They are more effective the sooner they are taken after sex. 

• If taken within 24 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse, they will prevent more than 9 out of 10 (95%) pregnancies expected to occur if no emergency contraception had been used. 
• If taken 72 hours after unprotected sex they will prevent more than 5 out of 10 (58%) pregnancies expected to occur if no emergency contraception had been used. 
• Emergency contraception pills are not abortion pills. They will not work if you are already pregnant.

• Take the pills more than 72 hours after unprotected sex.
• Vomit within two hours after taking the pills (It's best not to take alcohol or drugs after taking the emergency contraception pills in case you're sick).
• Don't take the pills as instructed.
• Have had unprotected sex at another time, either since your last period or since taking the pills.

Can I get Emergency Contraception abroad?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Can I get Emergency Contraception abroad?

Yes, from pharmacies and GP's although it may be difficult asking for this in another language. If you are worried about your contraceptive method failing or cannot get emergency contraception easily you can buy emergency contraceptive pills in advance. Ask your doctor or nurse about this. 

January 2004

What is the average age to first have sex?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is the average age to first have sex?

The average age of first sex is around the age of consent - sixteen. But some people have sex before this, and some when they are in their twenties. Some people have had sexual experiences like kissing, getting off with each other, or oral sex before they have penetrative sex, but again there's no right or wrong age to begin these sexual experiences. 

Have sex when you feel comfortable with it, and do what you enjoy, don't feel you have to have sex to keep a partner, or to fit in with your mates.

January 2004

Why is it sometimes hard to say 'no' when you don't want to take things further?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Why is it sometimes hard to say 'no' when you don't want to take things further?

There are many reasons why it can feel hard to say 'no', you may really like the person, so it's difficult to refuse to do something you know would make you happy. Or it could be that you are scared they may not want to be with you if you don't sleep with them. And sometimes it seems as though everyone else is doing it, making it hard for you to say no.   

Work out why it is you don't want to take things further, perhaps you do want sex with the person, but not right now. Or maybe you have beliefs that mean you want to wait until you're married or in a long-term relationship. And sometimes you just want to wait until you're absolutely sure you feel like having sex.  

Once you know what your reason is, you can explain this to your partner. Don't let them pressure you into doing something you don't like. A person who cares for you will understand and respect your beliefs. 

January 2004

Why do condoms fail?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Why do condoms fail?

The main reason condoms fail is if they are used incorrectly. This may mean the condom was put on when the guy's penis wasn't hard enough, or that air was trapped in the condom leading to it bursting. 

If you want to know how to put on a condom correctly check here http://www.safersex.org/condoms/how.to.dunn, and practice putting on a condom and masturbating with it on to ensure you can do it correctly before having sex with a partner.

January 2004

What should I do if I can't remember whether I had sex last night?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What should I do if I can't remember whether I had sex last night?

If you are a guy, you should get tested for sexually transmitted infections, and use a condom between now and getting the all clear in case you have picked up anything.  

The same goes for women, but if you think there's any risk of getting pregnant you should take the morning after pill or get an emergency IUD fitted http://www.fpa.org.uk/guide/emergncy/#15.

If you find this happens a lot, you need to think again about your method of contraception to protect against pregnancy, and also work out why you forget about sex. For example you may be drinking or using drugs, which means you could be placing yourself at risk of catching an STI or getting pregnant, since it's hard to practice safer sex if you're trashed.

Finally, if you think you had sex but can't remember, and know this was without your consent (for example you think your drink may have been spiked) then seek help from your local police force who can arrange for you to be given help and support. 

January 2004

What causes lack of sex drive in young women?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What causes lack of sex drive in young women?

The causes of a lack of sex drive in young women are similar to those in men, although the pill, problems with menstruation, or difficulties with body image or eating disorders can also mean women don't want sex as much.

January 2004

Is a one night stand likely to turn into a long standing relationship?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Is a one night stand likely to turn into a long standing relationship?

It's not always easy to tell whether something that starts as a one night stand will continue. If you like the person and feel safe with them, there's no reason why you shouldn't sleep with them providing you are protected against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.  

However, you need to be clear about what you are doing. If you want to develop a relationship, it's important to say this before sleeping with the person, rather than sleeping with them in the hope they'll want to be with you.  

If they say they want sex but not a relationship, then you have a choice. But it makes it less likely you'll be hurt by sleeping with someone who doesn't seem to want a relationship later. And if they don't, try not to worry, it's not because they don't like you, just because they're not ready for a relationship at this time.

January 2004

What causes lack of sex drive in young men?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What causes lack of sex drive in young men?

The main causes of sexual problems, particularly a loss of sex drive in young men are drug or alcohol abuse, stress at work or home, mental or physical health problems, or fears or worries about their body image or sexual performance. Tiredness due to overwork or exercise can also cause problems.  

Most sexual problems or a lack of sexual desire can disappear if you fix the underlying problems, if you feel you need help or support, you can go to your GP for help.

January 2004

Does sex education in school work?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Does sex education in school work?

Sex education in school that is delivered at the right time, to the right age group in a way that makes people feel included can work. It also needs to meet the needs of everyone in the class, and also be clear enough for them to follow.  

Some people think sex education doesn't work if it's boring, too complicated, or only about not getting pregnant or catching a disease. If you want to learn more about sex, there's no reason why you can't do extra reading of sex manuals.

January 2004

What is the law about teaching about gay relationships in school?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is the law about teaching about gay relationships in school?

Under current rulings, schools should acknowledge that people are gay, and not suggest that gay relationships are bad, abnormal or 'just a phase'. However, they may not be able to encourage gay relationships, and some school governing boards can prevent sexuality being discussed.  

If this is a problem for you, particularly if you need to know about being lesbian or gay, or feel you are being bullied, then talk to a teacher to see whether the issue can be discussed within your school.

January 2004

Are teachers or school nurses allowed to give contraceptive advice to under 16s?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Are teachers or school nurses allowed to give contraceptive advice to under 16s?

They can offer advice, but only if the school approves it. If the school, or board of governors does not permit this service then they won't be able to offer advice. When schools have got advisors to talk about sex, the programmes have proved successful and popular.

January 2004

How can I get involved in a peer sex education project?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How can I get involved in a peer sex education project?

You can ask a teacher or school nurse to help you set one up. However, if you do want to offer advice you'll need to make sure you know all the facts about sex, contraception, sexuality, puberty, sexual abuse etc. 

And you'll need to know how to talk about it to all the different sorts of people at your school, college or club. That's why getting your school nurse or teacher to help you is a good idea, as they can ensure the project will run well and also get you training and support.

January 2004

How can I find out about sexual health services where I live?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How can I find out about sexual health services where I live?

You can find out what sexual health services are available here: http://www.playingsafely.co.uk.  

You can also look in the telephone book, or call someone at NHS direct http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk who can let you know local services.  

Your GP surgery can offer you help, and may also have adverts for other local sexual health services. If you live in a rural area you may need to look at what services are available in your nearest local town or city.  

January 2004

What help is there for single parents?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What help is there for single parents?

There are many clubs, support groups or phone lines. You can find out what's available from your midwife, at your baby clinic, or from your doctor.

January 2004

How do I register with a GP, or change my GP?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How do I register with a GP, or change my GP?

To register with your GP find one near to you and ask if they are taking new patients. If they are a very busy practice they may not be taking on new patients, but they should be able to provide you with contact details of other local GPs you could approach. If not, your local health authority should be able to give you a list of local services, as can your phone book.  

If you want to change your GP you do not have to give a reason. You can approach a new practice and register there (your notes will be sent over later from your old GP). Alternatively you can ask to see another doctor within your current GP's practice. 

If you've been with your doctor for years it may feel embarrassing talking about sex with them, or perhaps you'd prefer to swap to a doctor who's the same or opposite sex to you. Your GP won't mind if you want to get advice from another member of the practice, they'll just want to be sure you're getting advice and support.

January 2004

What is the law about confidentiality at the GPs?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is the law about confidentiality at the GPs?

Doctors and nurses follow a professional code of practice which makes sure that even if you are under 16 you have the same right to confidentiality as adults. 

This means they should not pass on any information about your visit unless they think you are in serious danger or being sexually abused and even then they should discuss the issue with you first.

January 2004

How important is it to get treatment for STIs early?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How important is it to get treatment for STIs early?

Most STIs can be completely cured if found early enough and may only require you to take a course of antibiotics. However, if left untreated these infections can be painful and uncomfortable or at worst cause permanent damage to your health and fertility.

January 2004

If my partner and I both have an 'all clear' test does that mean we are safe to have unprotected sex straight away?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

If my partner and I both have an 'all clear' test does that mean we are safe to have unprotected sex straight away?

Probably yes, provided you don't take risks with anyone else but if there is a possibility that you could have caught HIV, the test for HIV may take several months to become positive.

January 2004

What symptoms of STIs should I be worried about?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What symptoms of STIs should I be worried about?

Common symptoms of an STI are:

• unusual discharge or liquid from vagina or penis
• pain or burning when you pass urine
• itches, rashes, lumps or blisters around the genitals or anus
• pain and/or bleeding during sex
• bleeding after sex and/or between periods

What are the chances of contracting an STI from unprotected sex?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the chances of contracting an STI from unprotected sex?

In 1999 over 590,000 people in the United Kingdom were diagnosed in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics with having a sexually transmitted infection.

You don't need to have a lot of sexual partners to get an STI although the more partners that you have, the greater your chance is that one of them may pass an infection to you.

Using condoms reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections. However, different infections are spread in different ways, for instance condoms may not prevent the transmission of genital warts if other infected areas come into contact. We would suggest that you seek specialist advice from a health adviser at a GUM clinic.

January 2004

What is the average age for having a first child?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is the average age for having a first child?

At present the average age is within the mid-twenties. Although some people have children when they are still under twenty, more women are also having babies in their mid to late thirties, meaning the average age of having a first baby is older now than it used to be.

January 2004

Can I get HIV through oral sex?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Can I get HIV through oral sex?

There is a very small risk you can catch HIV through oral sex. To be safe use a condom for oral sex with men, and a dental dam for oral sex with women, or rimming (kissing or licking the anus) of men or women.

January 2004

How are STIs treated?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How are STIs treated?

What treatment you need depends on the type of STI you have caught. Some STIs respond to antibiotics (e.g. trichomonas) and once treated don't cause any problems unless you catch them again. Some can be treated but may come back from time to time whether you catch them again or not. Some can cause problems for your health and fertility even if they are treated but the sooner they are treated the better. 

And remember you can catch more than one STI at a time. You also need to make sure that your partner is treated at the same time or you will be passing the infection back and forth to each other

Genital warts - Genital warts are caused by a virus. They can be treated , but more than one treatment may be needed and  the virus always remains in the body and no treatments get rid of it completely. Treatment can include covering the warts with a chemical lotion or cream, freezing them off or removing them by laser treatment or surgery.

Chlamydia - This is caused by a bacteria and needs treatment with the right antibiotic. Sometimes it can be given as a single dose but if it is a course over several days it is important to take the whole course. If the Chlamydia infection has caused pelvic inflammatory disease and you have a high fever you may even need intravenous antibiotics in hospital.

Gonorrohea - This is caused by a bacteria and needs treatment with the right antibiotic. Sometimes it can be given as a single dose but if it is a course over several days it is important to take the whole course.

Genital herpes - Genital herpes is caused by a virus. Outbreaks last from 2-3 weeks and may be painful. The virus always remains in the body and no treatments get rid of it completely. Anti-viral tablets can be taken during the first outbreak to ease symptoms and help clear it up. They have little effect if a second outbreak is experienced. If you keep getting outbreaks, it can help to be on the antiviral drugs for 6 months or longer. However the disease itself does not affect fertility or pregnancy.

Trichomonas - This is caused by a little bug which can be easily treated with antibiotics.

Scabies and pubic lice -These are both caused by little insects and can be treated by applying a special lotion.

Aids (HIV) -This is caused by the HIV virus which can now be treated, often needing several different drugs, but at present it cannot be cured, so even with treatment you will still be infectious to others.

Hepatitis A,B,C - Which are infections of the liver, can be sexually transmitted but also caught in other ways. Check out the sections on Hepatitis A, B and C in the information section.

January 2004

What do you have to avoid doing while you're being treated?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What do you have to avoid doing while you're being treated?

• You may be able to pass on a sexually transmitted infection whilst you are having treatment.
• If you have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection, it would be advisable not to have sex until the infection has cleared up.
• If this is unavoidable then you should avoid oral sex and make sure that you use a condom.

What is contact tracing?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is contact tracing?

Though this can be embarrassing if you catch an STI it is important to contact your recent sexual partners to make sure that they seek treatment themselves and prevent further spread of the disease. You can get help with this from any GUM clinic.

January 2004

What is Chlamydia?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is Chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a bacterium that can infect the genitals, urethra and rectum of men and women, but may also affect the throat and eyes.
 
It is passed on by unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex, when sharing sex toys, or by a mother to her baby at birth.

January 2004

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

Unfortunately it does not always cause symptoms and about 50% of men and 70% of women with Chlamydia show no symptoms at all. Often symptoms are very mild and go unnoticed, but typical signs of infection with Chlamydia experienced by men or women include:

• Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina. 
• Pain when passing urine. 
• Bleeding between periods. 
• Testicular pain or swelling. 
• Pain during sex. 
• Low abdominal pain.

What are the tests for Chlamydia and how is it treated?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the tests for Chlamydia and how is it treated?

• Usually a swab is taken from the vagina or tip of the penis and a sample of urine is taken. The swab might feel a bit uncomfortable but is quick and should not be painful. 
• Chlamydia is easily treated with antibiotics. To avoid re-infection, sexual partners should also be treated. 
• If untreated, Chlamydia can spread to other reproductive organs causing serious health problems such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

How is Chlamydia treated in pregnancy?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How is Chlamydia treated in pregnancy?

Chlamydia can be safely treated during pregnancy and during breastfeeding with a course of antibiotics. 

If untreated it can cause:

• an eye infection or pneumonia in the baby at birth
• pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to early miscarriage or premature birth during pregnancy

How can you know who is responsible for passing on an STI?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How can you know who is responsible for passing on an STI?

Sometimes you can tell who you got the STI from, but sometimes it's not so easy to tell.  The main thing is to remember you both should be responsible for protecting yourself, and whilst it's easy to blame a partner, wherever possible you should use condoms to protect yourself.

January 2004

How common are STIs in men and women aged 18-25?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How common are STIs in men and women aged 18-25?

• Sexually transmitted infections are very common. With statistics for infections such as Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea and genital warts rapidly rising every year. In 2002 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland in people aged 16-25, there were about 20,000 men and over 30,000 women diagnosed with Chlamydia; 7000 men and 5000 women with gonorrhea, 2000 men and over 5000 women with herpes and 16000 men and 20,000 women with warts. Cases of infectious syphilis had more than doubled between 2001 and 2002. 
• The highest STI rates are seen in young people under the age of 25 (the most common student age group). 
• It is now believed that an estimated 1% of young women between 16 and 19 are infected with Chlamydia. However, due to the infection often showing no symptoms, it can go undiagnosed and unnoticed for long periods of time, leading to possible infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.

How much money would I need to raise a child?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How much money would I need to raise a child?

Current estimates vary, and nobody really knows since you can realistically spend all the money you have on a child. However, you will need money to get basics like nappies, clothes, food, medicine, a pushchair etc. And as the child grows there will be costs associated with going to school etc.  

If you know you have no money to pay for a child, it may be better to wait until you have some savings available to help you, but if you do decide to get pregnant remember you can get many things like clothes nearly new to save you money.

January 2004

Is there anything you can do after unprotected sex to avoid pregnancy?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Is there anything you can do after unprotected sex to avoid pregnancy?

If you have had sex without using contraception you need to use emergency contraception. 

There are two forms of emergency contraception:

• The emergency contraceptive pill should be started within three days (72 hours) of having unprotected sex and the sooner you get it the more likely it is to work. If taken within 24 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse, they will prevent more than 9 out of 10 (95%) pregnancies expected to occur if no emergency contraception had been used
• If you have left it too late for the emergency contraceptive pill then you can still have an IUD, also known as a Coil, fitted up to five days after unprotected sex, to prevent pregnancy occurring.

• Any GP who provides contraceptive services 
• Any family planning clinic 
• Any young person's clinic or Brook clinic 
• Most sexual health clinics 
• Most genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics 
• Most NHS walk-in centres (in England only) 
• Some hospital accident and emergency departments (phone first) 
• Some pharmacies. 

• Most pharmacies if you are 16 years old or over 
• Some privately run clinics, such as British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) and Marie Stopes. 

Where can I get advice about having an abortion?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I get advice about having an abortion?

There are several ways you can find out about abortion. You can get advice about having an abortion from your GP, practice nurse or a family planning clinic. 

Advice is also available online from: 

• Family Planning Association - http://www.fpa.org.uk 
• Marie Stopes - http://www.mariestopes.org.uk  
• Brook - http://www.brook.org.uk

Why is it more difficult to get pregnant as you get older?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Why is it more difficult to get pregnant as you get older?

Beware this does not happen until after 30 and even then most women will easily get pregnant if not using contraception - so just because you are a bit older you need to use good contraception unless you are actually trying to get pregnant. 

The reason it may take longer or be more difficult is complex, including the eggs being less fertile and people may not be having so much sex.

January 2004

What help is there for young single mothers?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What help is there for young single mothers?

Many local authorities or health centres run baby clinics where you can get advice and support. You can also ask at your regular baby check-up what support is available in your local area. 

NHS direct http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk should be able to tell you about local services, as can http://www.playingsafely.co.uk. 

You may also want to form your own group if there are other young mums you know about.

January 2004

What are the failure rates of contraceptive methods?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the failure rates of contraceptive methods?

No contraceptive method is 100% effective but some are better than others and they all need to be used properly!  Different methods have different failure rates. They all depend on how well they are used but some are better than others even if they are used properly.

Combined Pill - over 99% effective, if taken according to the instructions. This means that less than 1 woman in 100 having sex regularly will get pregnant in a year. 

Progesterone only pill (POP) - over 99% effective. This means that less than 1 woman in 100 will get pregnant in a year.

Male condom - If used according to instructions it is 98% effective. This means that 2 women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.

Female condom - If used according to instructions it is 95% effective. This means that 5 women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.

Diaphragms and caps - 92-96% effective. This means that between 4 and 8 women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.

IUD - over 99% effective.

Natural Family planning - using time of the month and changes in mucus and temperature can be dodgy unless you know what you are doing and if you really do and  use according to teaching and instructions, up to 98% effective.

Implants - small flexible tube(s) placed just under your skin which release a progestogen hormone over a number of years - over 99% effective.

Contraceptive patch - 99% effective.

January 2004

What support is there for women after a miscarriage or abortion?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What support is there for women after a miscarriage or abortion?

You should be able to get support from your GP or practice nurse after miscarriage. If you've had an abortion the clinic you had the abortion with should support you. You can ask your doctor to refer you to a counsellor if you feel it's difficult to cope.  

Some people do feel more emotional or distressed after a miscarriage or abortion, but with support from friends or family this should become easier over time.

January 2004

How common is lack of sex drive after childbirth?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How common is lack of sex drive after childbirth?

Not wanting to have sex after childbirth is very common. The mother maybe sore after the birth or from breastfeeding, is shy about her body, or may be worried about sex being painful or getting pregnant again. Her partner may be worried about hurting her or getting her pregnant again.  

But the most common reason for not wanting sex is tiredness, a new baby puts a huge amount of pressure on parents who may feel exhausted and irritable. Coping with the demands of a baby means a person may not feel sexy.  

The answer is to not push yourself into having sex until you want to.  Partner's need to respect that the mother may not want sex for a while, but both of you can share in kisses, cuddles and affection so you both feel wanted.  

If the fact you don't want sex is bothering you, you can ask your midwife for advice, but don't feel pressured to have sex to keep your partner happy. You should only have sex when you want it.

January 2004

Where can young fathers get help?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can young fathers get help?

Young fathers are often left out of consultations with the doctor or maternity staff.  If you are with your girlfriend you can ask to join her for maternity visits and ask questions about the birth or childcare.  

If you are separated, you can ask your doctor or practice nurse for some advice. Find out more for young fathers here http://www.youngfathers.org.uk.

January 2004

Where can men go for contraceptive advice?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can men go for contraceptive advice?

Guys can get contraceptive advice from the Family Planning Association http://www.fpa.org.uk or Brook http://www.brook.org.uk if they are aged under 25.  

Some GP surgeries offer free contraception, but your doctor should be able to talk you through your options.  

Alternatively you may want to get advice over the phone from NHS Direct http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk, or from Male Health http://www.malehealth.co.uk.  

January 2004

Where can I get help and information specially designed for gay men and lesbians?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I get help and information specially designed for gay men and lesbians?

You can find out about local services, issues and talking points for gay, lesbian and bisexual people here http://www.gayyouthuk.org.uk. 

January 2004

How much fictional literature there is for gay and lesbian young people?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

How much fictional literature there is for gay and lesbian young people?

There is fictional literature around, and you can order it through your bookstore or via the internet (e.g. Amazon).

January 2004

What resources are there to help young people coming out?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What resources are there to help young people coming out?

Gay Youth covers issues of coming out, find out more here: http://www.gayyouthuk.org.uk/support/coming_out.phtml.

January 2004

Where can I meet people without going to gay clubs and bars?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I meet people without going to gay clubs and bars?

You can meet them through chat rooms, clubs, or gay coffee bars. You can find out more http://www.gayyouthuk.org.uk.

January 2004

Can gay men and lesbians adopt children?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Can gay men and lesbians adopt children?

Yes, gay men and lesbians can adopt or foster children. As can single people regardless of sexuality. Foster and adoptive parents are always in demand, particularly those from ethnic minorities. 

If you're interested in fostering or adopting a child you'll need to go through a number of checks, and will need to show what you can offer a child. You can adopt or foster babies, children or teenagers. Contact your local authority for more details. 

January 2004

What is safer sex for gay people?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What is safer sex for gay people?

Safer sex for gay people involves using a condom for oral and anal sex for gay men, and condoms over sex toys used for vaginal sex for lesbians, and anal sex for lesbians or gay men.  

If you think there's a risk of catching an STI then you can also use a dental dam (small square of latex) that you place over the vagina and clitoris, or anus before you lick or kiss your partner.

January 2004

Where can young gay men and women get confidential advice and support?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can young gay men and women get confidential advice and support?

You can get confidential advice from your GP, but if you don't feel comfortable talking to your doctor or practice nurse, you can also get advice from: 

• Gay Youth - http://www.gayyouthuk.org.uk 
• Brook - http://www.brook.org.uk 
• Family Planning Association - http://www.fpa.org.uk

What are the best (and worst!) ways to come out to friends and family?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

What are the best (and worst!) ways to come out to friends and family?

The worst way is to pick a time when everyone is busy, or when they're focusing on something else, or perhaps when you know they are going to be unpleasant or difficult.  To make coming out easier, it's better to first talk to other lesbian or gay friends or advisors who can tell you what they found helpful when coming out http://www.gayyouthuk.org.uk.   

Then you may want to tell the friend or family member you are closest to. They may be shocked, but chances are they won't be, and you can use them as an ally when you talk to other people. Since your parents or friends may have loads of questions, you may want to tell them about what being gay means to you, and why you are happy with your sexuality.  

They may worry about HIV or perhaps think they've done something that's 'made' you gay - in which case you can reassure them. They can get support and advice from Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (FFLAG) http://www.fflag.org.uk. 

January 2004

Where can I get help if I have to leave home?

The answers to these questions have been compiled with the help of www.playingsafely.co.uk, FPA and Brook Advisory Centres.

Where can I get help if I have to leave home?

If you have to leave home and you are under 16 you can get help and support from your local social services. Your school or GP should be able to offer you a referral. If you've been kicked out of the house over the weekend, the police may be able to help sort out temporary accommodation with support from social services.  

Alternatively you can ask for help from your local council. However, this can be lengthy and stressful, so make sure you get someone to help you - that may be your teacher, nurse, doctor, or youth worker.

January 2004